What is difference between MQ and Kafka?

Today, large volumes of data are transmitted as messages between applications, systems, and services. In case an application isn’t ready, or a service failure occurs, messages and transactions may be lost or duplicated. This might cost organizations time, resources, and money to rectify. Here’s when the Message Queue (MQ) comes for rescue. With MQ, messages can be placed in a queue and held there until delivery is guaranteed, and users will never miss a message.

In this blog, you will learn about IBM MQ and Kafka, two of the popularly used Message Queues used in IT systems. Though IBM MQ vs Kafka addresses the same problem of how to handle streaming data, they function in different ways. Further, you will learn about the critical differences between IBM MQ vs Kafka. 

What is MQ? 

A Message Queue (MQ) is an asynchronous service-to-service communication protocol used in microservices architectures. In MQ, messages are queued until they are processed and deleted. Each message is processed only once. In addition, MQs can be used to decouple heavyweight processing, buffering, and batch work.

Message Queues provide asynchronous communication and processing between different parts of a system. It also provides a lightweight buffer for temporarily storing messages, as well as endpoints (sending and receiving messages) for connecting to the queue.

MQ Architecture

• Messages: They consist of requests, responses, error messages, or just any information.
• Queue: It is a collection of objects/messages waiting to be processed in a sequential sequence, commencing at the beginning and working down the line.
• Message Queue: A Message Queue is a collection/sequential queue of messages that are transmitted between applications. It contains a list of unprocessed work objects.
• Producer:  A producer adds a message to the queue to send to the consumer.
• Consumer: The message is held in the queue until it is retrieved and processed by the consumer.

Protocols Support 

There are three open-source Message Queue implementation standards that have emerged:

• AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) — a feature-rich message queuing protocol.
• Protocol for Streaming Text-Oriented Messaging (STOMP) — a text-oriented, simple message protocol.
• MQTT (previously MQ Telemetry Transport) — is a lightweight message queuing protocol designed for embedded devices.

The standardization and adoption of these protocols are at various levels: the first two work at the HTTP level, whereas MQTT works at the TCP/IP level.

Key Features of MQ

Some of the main features of Message Queues are listed below.

• Security: Message Queues will authenticate applications attempting to access the queue and will allow users to encrypt messages both over the network and within the queue.
• Ordering: Most Message Queues use best-effort ordering, which assures that messages are delivered in the same order as they were sent.
• Push or Pull: For retrieving messages, most Message Queues offer both push and pull methods. The term “pull” refers to the process of repeatedly searching the queue for new messages. When a message is accessible, a consumer is alerted through “push.” The combined mechanism is also known as Pub/Sub or publish-subscribe messaging.
• Delay Delivery: Many Message Queues allow users to specify a message’s delivery time. A delay queue can be set up if consumers need a common delay for all communications.

What is IBM MQ?

IBM MQ is a message and queuing middleware that makes integrating various applications and business data across many platforms easier and faster. With the help of IBM MQ, applications can publish messages to many subscribers.

IBM MQ facilitates the interchange of information between applications, systems, services, and files by delivering and receiving message data via messaging queues. This makes creating and maintaining business applications a lot easier.

Furthermore, IBM MQ is compatible with a wide range of computing systems and may be used in a variety of settings, including on-premise, cloud, and hybrid cloud deployments. Using a service-oriented architecture (SOA), IBM MQ provides a universal messaging backbone with robust connectivity for flexible and dependable messaging for applications and the integration of existing IT assets. 

In asynchronous messaging systems, IBM MQ works as a shock absorber between applications. If there is a network or application outage, messages are held in specific queues until everything is back up and running.

Key Features of IBM MQ

Some of the main features of IBM MQ are listed below.

• From mainframe to mobile, flexible messaging integration provides a single, robust messaging backbone for dynamic heterogeneous environments.
• Extensibility and company growth are supported by IBM’s open standards development tools.
• Message transmission with a variety of security elements and auditable outcomes. High-performance message transmission improves the speed and reliability of data delivery.
• It has multiple modes of operation, including point-to-point, publish/subscribe, file transfer, and enterprise-grade messaging features for moving information efficiently and reliably.

To know more about IBM MQ, click here.

What is Apache Kafka? 

Apache Kafka was originally developed at Linkedin as a stream processing platform before being open-sourced and gaining large external demand. Later, the Kafka project was handled by the Apache Software Foundation. Today, Apache Kafka is widely known as an open-source message broker and a distributed data storage platform written in Scala.

It is a fault-tolerant, high throughput pub-sub messaging system built for real-time input and processing of streaming data. A streaming application consumes data streams, but a data pipeline processes and transmits data from one system to another on a constant basis. 

Users can transmit massive volumes of streaming data across systems quickly for data pipelines and real-time analysis via Kafka. Furthermore, Kafka messages are retained on disks and duplicated within the cluster to prevent data loss. 

The Kafka messaging broker is built on the ZooKeeper synchronization service. For real-time streaming data processing, it works well with Apache Storm and Spark.

Key Features of Kafka

Some of the main features of Kakfka are listed below.

• Apache Kafka is extremely fast and ensures that there will be zero downtime and no data loss.
• Kafka can readily handle large volumes of data streams and allows users to derive new data streams using previous data streams from the producer. 
• Kafka is distributed and fault-tolerant, Kafka is exceptionally reliable. So applications can leverage Kafka in a variety of ways. Furthermore, it provides methods for creating new connections as needed.
• Kafka uses a Distributed Commit Log, ensuring that messages are saved on drives as rapidly as possible. Failures with the databases are handled efficiently by the Kafka cluster.

To know more about Kafka, click here.

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Critical Differences Between IBM MQ vs Kafka

Now that you have a brief knowledge of IBM MQ and Kafka. Let’s read more about IBM MQ vs Kafka to get a better understanding of which one is best for what factor.

IBM MQ vs Kafka: Security

IBM MQ vs Kafka both offers superior security features for organizations to build mission-critical applications. But, IBM MQ offers a range of advanced capabilities such as enhanced granular security and message simplification capability, which Kafka does not. 

IBM MQ vs Kafka: Performance Factors 

Scalability: Both can be horizontally scaled. However, because Kafka uses a single log for all consumers, it’s more scalable, especially when it comes to the number of consumers.

Throughput: Kafka is recommended for applications that demand high throughput or interaction with a big data stack. On the other hand, IBM MQ is best suited for applications that require a high level of reliability and cannot tolerate message loss.

IBM MQ vs Kafka: Communication Protocol

Apache Kafka utilizes pull-based communication, where the receiving system requests a message from the producing system. Kafka is quicker than most traditional message queuing systems. Because messages in Apache Kafka are not erased once the receiving system has read them, it is easier to log events.

IBM MQ employs a push-based communication mechanism, in which a message-producing system sends its message to the queue, where any receiver may consume it. Multiple systems can draw the same message from the queue at the same time with this sort of communication.

IBM MQ vs Kafka: Use Cases 

As a conventional Message Queue, IBM MQ has more features than Kafka. IBM MQ also supports JMS, making it a more convenient alternative to Kafka. Kafka, on the other side, is better suited to large data frameworks such as Lambda. Kafka also has connectors and provides stream processing.

Only the pub-sub architecture differs, with the exception that in the case of IBM MQ, previous message messages are not stored for new consumers.

IBM MQ vs Kafka: Pricing

There are no prices involved with Apache Kafka because it is an open-source solution, but fees vary on the subscription-based hosting services. On the other hand, IBM MQ involves some very expensive licensing costs compared to the open-source products in the market. 

Conclusion

In this article, you learnt about two widely used messaging queues – IBM MQ vs Kafka – along with their critical differences. In current cloud architectures, most applications are decoupled into smaller, independent blocks, making them easier to build, deploy, and maintain. With the help of a Message Queue, better communication and coordination can be provided to these distributed applications. In short, MQ allows applications to communicate with one another by sending messages.

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Shravani Kharat

Freelance Technical Content Writer, Hevo Data

Shravani is a data science enthusiast who loves to delve deeper into complex topics on data science and solve the problems related to data integration and analysis through comprehensive content for data practitioners and businesses.

RabbitMQ and Apache Kafka allow producers to send messages to consumers. Producers are applications that publish information, while consumers are applications that subscribe to and process information.

Producers and consumers interact differently in RabbitMQ and Kafka. In RabbitMQ, the producer sends and monitors if the message reaches the intended consumer. On the other hand, Kafka producers publish messages to the queue regardless of whether consumers have retrieved them.

You can think of RabbitMQ as a post office that receives mail and delivers it to the intended recipients. Meanwhile, Kafka is similar to a library, which organizes messages on shelves with different genres that producers publish. Then, consumers read the messages from the respective shelves and remember what they have read. 

RabbitMQ architectural approach

A RabbitMQ broker allows for low latency and complex message distributions with the following components:

• An exchange receives messages from the producer and determines where they should be routed to
• A queue is storage that receives messages from an exchange and sends them to consumers
• A binding is a path that connects an exchange and a broker

In RabbitMQ, a routing key is a message attribute that is used to route messages from an exchange to a specific queue. When a producer sends a message to an exchange, it includes a routing key as part of the message. The exchange then uses this routing key to determine which queue the message should be delivered to.

Kafka architectural approach

A Kafka cluster provides high-throughput stream event processing with a more complex architecture. These are some key Kafka components:

• A Kafka broker is a Kafka server that allows producers to stream data to consumers. The Kafka broker contains topics and their respective partitions. 
• A topic is data storage that groups similar data in a Kafka broker. 
• A partition is smaller data storage within a topic that consumers subscribe to. 
• ZooKeeper is special software that manages the Kafka clusters and partitions to provide fault-tolerant streaming. ZooKeeper has recently been replaced with the Apache Kafka Raft (KRaft) protocol.

Producers in Kafka assign a message key for each message. Then, the Kafka broker stores the message in the leading partition of that specific topic. KRaft protocol uses consensus algorithms to determine the leading partition.