Types of Arc Welding & How it Works - Ultimate Guide

What Is Arc Welding?​

Like other fusion welding processes, arc welding is used to join metals. Arc welding does this by using an electric arc that creates an intense amount of heat, which melts metals and allows them to join together.

A power source is used to create this arc between an electrode and the base material, which melts them at the point of contact. Arc welding can use either a direct current (DC) or an alternating current (AC) in the process.

How Does Arc Welding Work?​

The power generated in the arc welding process comes from either an AC or DC power supply. This creates a high amount of heat — around 6,500 degrees Fahrenheit! — which is needed to melt the base materials.

The arc then gets formed between the work piece and electrode, which can either be a rod or wire that is guided along the joint connecting them. This can be guided either manually or mechanically.

Equipment Used in Arc Welding​

A variety of equipment is used in the process of arc welding, including:

• Welding machine: Provides the power supply used for generating the heat necessary to the welding process.
• Electrode holders: They ensure electrodes are kept at a desired angle.
• Cables or leads: They carry current from the machine to the work.
• Cable connectors: Make a connection between machine switches and the electrode holder.
• Chipping hammer and wire brushes: Both are used to remove remaining particles or materials produced as a byproduct of the welding process.
• Protective clothing and face shield: Ultraviolet and infrared radiation is produced when welding, as well as sparks and heat. Protective clothing is worn, as well as a screen or shield to protect the eyes and face.

There are four main types of arc welding, all of which are taught in the welding program at Universal Technical Institute (UTI). They are:

Brian Masumoto, welding instructor at UTI Rancho Cucamonga, says UTI stands out when compared with most welding programs that concentrate on a specific process.

“Our experience isn’t limited to just one type of welding,” Masumoto says. “We cover all the major types of welding, which better prepares students for all different types of industries. We don’t focus on just one process. The students learn and experience the different processes, which makes them better qualified for a job.”6

Let's take a closer look at the four main arc welding processes and how these different kinds of welding help keep the world running.