Note: In this article, we’ll use the word ‘rig’ and ‘platform’ almost interchangeably, but a rig does the drilling, and a platform does the pumping. Living on an offshore oil rig or a platform, or in living quarters on a vessel attached to a rig, all have similar challenges.
Offshore oil fields represent a substantial portion of the world’s total crude oil output. In 2015, this portion was 30%. Now, it is in all likelihood more significant with several recent discoveries made in Brazil, Norway, and Guyana, among others. Offshore oil activity is growing, and so is a demand for the workforce on the platforms that pump it out.
If there is one thing that everyone will agree is right about work on an offshore oil rig or platform, it is that this kind of work is the opposite of boring. When you work on an offshore platform, you work where you live, and you work long, busy hours. The work is often challenging, and it can also become instantly dangerous when the weather changes. But it could be highly rewarding work, with solid career growth opportunities.
There is a set of minimum requirements for those interested in working offshore in the oil industry. These have mostly to do with physical and mental endurance. An oil platform operates around the clock, and while the work is divided in shifts, these shifts are long, so you would need to be able to last for 12 hours straight and even more than that if you are just beginning.
To apply for the most menial job on a platform, you need to be at least 18 years old and have a high school diploma or an equivalent education certificate. Smoking and drinking are banned on offshore platforms, so the absence of these habits is an advantage.
Physical fitness is a must as a lot of the work on a platform, especially for beginners, it involves handling heavy machinery and carrying loads. Mental fitness is also a must because the typical length of an employee’s stay on a platform is two to four weeks with no going back to the shore. That may not sound very long when you first hear it, but it is quite an extended period.
Before you begin your first hitch, or assignment, on an offshore platform, you will need to take a survival course because of the many inherent dangers of work offshore, including harsh weather, combustible materials, and the always present risk of equipment failure.
The oil and gas industry takes its health and safety seriously so it has developed the Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training Course, or BOSIET, which you would need to complete before you board the helicopter to the platform. The course teaches things such as surviving in a helicopter crash, providing first aid, surviving at sea, and operating a lifeboat. Taking the BOSIET course could cost anywhere from $400 to $2000 depending on the location.
One two- to four-week stay on an oil platform is called a hitch in the industry. Shifts are called tours. Veterans in offshore work advise that you plan ahead before you leave, making sure your family has the contact details of your employer. Your employer also has the contact details of your family in case of an emergency. That is important because only the senior staff on an oil platform has unlimited access to a phone offshore.
Mentally preparing for hard work in shifts is also essential. A typical tour begins with a pre-tour meeting about half an hour before the start of the tour where the people who will be working this tour discuss the tasks of the day or night. After the tour, there is a handover meeting, pretty similar to how shifts work in hospitals with one team briefing the next one about what happened during the day. Outside tours, new employees also take part in training and safety meetings, which further adds to the workload.
The first and foremost risk on an offshore oil platform is fire. Both oil and gas are flammable, so fire emergency response is a big part of the survival training you will undergo before you can work on an oil rig.
Besides the liquids and gases that get produced from oil platforms, however, there are also flammable chemicals used during drilling, and these chemicals are also a fire hazard.
Then there are the moving parts of all the machinery that is necessary to drill for oil and gas. (Then pull that oil and gas out of the ground and transport it). As with every sort of machinery, this equipment could injure or kill if you are not careful.
The well itself could be a hazard, too, as tragically evidenced by the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Despite significant advancements being made since then in ensuring the safety of a well, the danger of pressure building up and blowing out the well is always there.
Fatigue could also become an issue when you are not used to the intensive work schedule and the limited opportunities for distraction from work during your hitch.
Few platforms can offer their personnel single rooms to stay in. Space is tight, so you will almost certainly need to share a room with one or more people. Bathrooms get shared among several rooms. In such close quarters, veterans advise, you must respect other people’s personal space, such as there is of it.
Keeping your space tidy and making sure you don’t have to go back to the room after your tour begins because you have forgotten something, risking to disturb the co-worker who is resting after their tour, is always a good idea.
Because of the nature of work on an offshore rig, cooked food is available around the clock, with fresh products flown in by helicopter regularly. New platform workers often find with surprise that the food is not just fresh but also good. In essence, oil companies seek to make their workforce’s living conditions as comfortable as possible in the areas where this is manageable.
Despite the tight space oil platforms also have various amenities such as gyms, pool tables, TV and even cinemas. As with the food, it is essential for the people working on the platform to have the opportunity to unwind and relax, so employers are providing the means.
There is an internet connection on oil platforms but, again, it pays to be mindful of other people’s needs to communicate with their families and limiting the time you use on Skype or Face-Time, so others get the chance to see their families, too.
Mindfulness is as important as mental and physical fitness on a platform. Friendships for life are often made during hitches when people respect each other’s space and needs. Failing to do that could make a hitch a much more unpleasant experience despite the excellent pay.
It’s no secret there is healthy competition for job vacancies on oil platforms because offshore jobs pay a lot better than work onshore. There are benefits, and there is the opportunity for a quick rise through the ranks, which makes these jobs even more desired. Yet you have to be ready to start from the bottom.
The most basic—and most physically demanding—position on an offshore oil rig is that of the roustabout. The job of the roustabout is the one with the heaviest lifting and most prolonged work hours, and it also pays the least. Yet as a roustabout you will acquire a lot of valuable skills in drilling equipment maintenance, for example, and electrical systems, as well as expertise that would then open up more specialised positions.
Next on the ladder is the roughneck. Roughnecks operate cranes, run drilling engines and pipes, and are in general given more skilled tasks and paid more for doing them. Several years of work as a roughneck are enough to pass to the next level, which is that of derrick hand, or derrickman.
The Derrick hands are responsible for the drilling mud and the mud pumps. If they stay in the job and have the ambition, they could further advance to drillers. That is the first supervisory position in the hierarchy of an oil production team, with the driller overseeing a team of roughnecks.
Wellhead pumpers also fall within this middle salary class. They are the people who operate the equipment around the wellhead and monitor the flow of oil. They also have supervisory responsibilities for roughnecks.
After the driller is the toolpusher, who oversees all roughneck crews and also does administrative work, toolpushers earn the highest salaries among the manual labourers on a platform to reflect their responsibilities.
Further up are the specialists with degrees in petroleum engineering, geoscience, marine engineering, and other relevant areas of knowledge. Essentially, the system on an offshore oil rig is a meritocracy. The salary rises in tune with the responsibilities and expertise an employee has. Geologists and roughneck supervisors make more than roustabouts and wellhead pumpers, and reservoir engineers make more than geologists. Production managers, in turn, because of their many responsibilities, make more than reservoir engineers.
The best-paid position on an oil rig, however, is that of the offshore drilling consultant. People in this position primarily oversee all operations on the platform daily, from drilling and production through contractor management and the ordering of supplies, all the way to safety monitoring and hiring.
Work on an offshore rig or platform is undoubtedly challenging, even for the senior staff. Limited personal space, a prolonged absence from friends and family, and a taxing work schedule are not for everyone. Yet for all the challenges, work on an offshore platform also offers opportunities for a lucrative career. There’s a marked path upwards, as long as you have ambition and the readiness to work hard, every step up the ladder.
It is no secret that oil rig workers stand to make an impressive paycheck, even in entry-level positions. However, are these salaries worth the dangers that they face on a daily basis?
Salaries for an entry-level oil rig position, such as a maintenance roustabout, average around $47,000 per year, with management positions making well over $100,000 per year. This high-level pay combined with a schedule that includes 3/5 of the year off per average employee sounds like a sweet deal for offshore workers.
Part of the reason that offshore oil rig worker pay is high is to offset the difficult working conditions and risks associated with the job. Workers often face 14/21 shifts, meaning that they work for 14 days straight, followed by 21 days off. Each day on the rig comes with hard manual labor for many workers, sometimes including night shifts on the 24-hour operation. Two straight weeks at sea can be a harrowing experience for many, although some rigs are equipped with impressive living quarters for the crew.
Also, oil rig crews face some of the highest rates of injuries and fatalities in the country. In 2008 alone, 120 workers in the oil and gas industry were killed on the job. The amount of workers killed in this field from 2003 to 2010 is seven times higher than that of all other industries in the U.S., according to the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA). According to a recent report from the Center for Public Integrity, 1,566 workers died in the oil and gas industry between 2008 and 2017—more deaths than many industries combined during the same period. This means that it’s crucial that workers are aware of the dangers present on an oil rig.
While this hazard seems obvious, it’s important to mention since it’s one of the leading causes of death on an oil rig. Petroleum is highly combustible and when it is mixed with other hazardous chemicals like hydrogen sulfide, it becomes even more dangerous. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control estimates that 7 percent of all oil rig fatalities are caused by blazes. Oil rig fires are devastating because they usually start with an explosion and end with a chemically fed fire that is difficult to put out. In many cases, crews must wait for oil rig fires to burn themselves out.
Ask any roughneck about their job, and they’ll immediately tell you how difficult it is. Oil mining is rigorous and requires physical labor and long hours. An average oil rig worker can work shifts exceeding 8 hours for 7 to 14 days in a row. As they deal with the heavy machinery and equipment used on a rig, crews can experience the dangers of fatigue.
Many are surprised to know that fatigue isn’t just dangerous on the oil rig for workers, it kills many of them when they aren’t on one. One study found that oil industry workers are 8.5 times more likely to die in a motor vehicle accident than those in other industries. Since it isn’t uncommon for oil rig workers to work shifts of 12 hours or more, their drive home can be deadly. Small roads connecting oil sites to residential areas can be dangerous because of fatigued workers driving home.
Oil mining requires the use of heavy machinery, including drills, cranes, forklifts, pipes, and more. Having proper machinery and using it right means employees can do their job safely and that materials will be handled correctly. If equipment is not properly maintained, it can malfunction. Even a small amount of maintenance neglect by a company can cause a catastrophic failure of machinery that claims lives. As mentioned above, employees need to be completely cognizant when operating such machines. Given the long hours and tiring nature of the job, too many workers fall victim to negligent machine operation.
The Centers for Disease Control estimates about 7 percent of oil field workers die from falls. With hazardous materials on the floor and falling tools, workers can easily encounter danger from an unexpected object. It is the responsibility of the employers to maintain safe environments and uphold strict protocol.
In addition to the hazards listed above, oil rig workers may face such dangers as:
Being at sea also means that the rig is cut off from certain types of medical care. While each rig staffs a doctor or medic, there is always a chance that a situation will occur in which the rig is not equipped with the needed equipment. In that case, the delay in treatment can exacerbate an offshore injury or even lead to wrongful death. If you have been injured while working on an oil rig, you should consult with an experienced lawyer to learn about your legal rights. Our oil rig injury attorneys represent rig workers throughout the nation.
The oil rig accident lawyers from Arnold & Itkin understand the dangers that oil workers face. Too frequently, our team has seen employees injured because of inadequate equipment, training, or other safety issues on their oil rig. We know that employers should be held accountable for neglecting to provide a safe work environment for workers. We're always ready to help injured workers receive the help they deserve.
Consultation with a member of our team is free of charge when you dial (888) 493-1629. Importantly, you pay nothing unless we win your case.