What is the history of pet bottles?

15 Apr.,2024

 

Plastic Bottle Village is a place to open your eyes to reality, a place to bring awareness, and inspiration.

KNOWLEDGE BASE VACATION IN BOCAS DEL TORO, PANAMA.

“Repent For Your Plastic Bottle Crimes.”

Having a vacation at the Dungeon jailhouse of Plastic Bottle Village is a conscious experience of a lifetime!

A Knowledge based Vacation, were we educate in a fun and adventurous way.

The current and past generations are all guilty by lack of knowledge for what happened to our planet and oceans regarding the invasion of the single use plastic bottle only forty years ago. We never saw it coming, and now it’s almost too late?

We can live with the crime we committed, or give ourselves up to the positive feeling of erasing some of our carbon footprints. Once you experience the fun and education of sleeping in a mock jail cell made of 10,000 PET bottles, you will be so inspired that you will want to start fresh again but this time working with and not against our planet. The environment is filled with paintings, posters, and videos containing real messages that will change your perspective on what products and packaging you choose to support in your daily lives.

The cost for this repent vacation is $30/day pp, for a private room with double bunk beds, desk, shared bathrooms, kitchen and lounge areas. Guests will enjoy all access to the amazing Castle Inspiration, large private pool, restaurant and bar, and includes a REPENT  T-SHIRT.

Every inspired guest will get a certificate celebrating that you have repented, and that from now on you will think about helping Mother Earth and changing your old consumption habits.

Scientists say at the pace we are on, there will be more plastic than fish in all of our oceans by 2050.

For more information or reservation, contact Robert on whatsapp +507-6949-3389 or reserve at robertb@plasticbottlevillage.com

PLASTIC OIL SPILL

We all remember the big oil spill in 2010 in Gulf of Mexico, caused by the explosion of the oil platform Horizon where unfortunately 14 persons lost their lives.

The platform was owned by British Petroleum.

BP had to pay 60 billion $ for this accidental oil spill.

PET plastic bottles are modified oil. They are the biggest non-accidental oil spill of human time.

How much $ does the bottlers of the World contribute to clean their non-accidental oil spill?

How many Billions are spent to look for a new planet with water and oxygen?

We don't need a new planet, we need to clean our own planet..

Maybe if the bottlers would contribute to a cleaning fund, the funds could be used to start giving incentive to population of emerging Countries, and have them cleaning in exchange of food and cell phone time.

Food for thought.

THE INVENTOR OF PET PLASTIC BOTTLES

Nathaniel C. Wyeth
Born October 24, 1911
Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, United States
Died July 4, 1990 (aged 78)
Nationality American
Alma mater University of Pennsylvania
Occupation inventor, chemical engineer

Nathaniel Wyeth joined DuPont in 1936 as a field engineer.

In 1967, he pondered whether soda could be stored in plastic bottles. After experimenting with a plastic detergent bottle that proved incapable of withstanding the forces of pressurized liquids, he realized that a much stronger material would be required. He settled on polyethylene terephthalate ( PET) as the material and received a patent in 1973.

Coca-Cola AND PEPSI introduced the first single use PET bottle in 1978.

What a great invention in 1973. Forty years later, if Nathaniel came out of his grave today, and saw the disaster his invention created to our planet, he would probably realize that his invention was more a crime against humanity.

Did DU PONT AND Nathaniel thOUGHT about the following, back then?

  • Time needed to drink the content, and how much time for the bottle to self degrade.

  • That only 30 % would be recycled into polyester clothes, and 70% would be spread in our ocean’s and nature.

  • That nature would need 500 years + to degrade, and eliminated that bottle.

  • That human life expectancy is 80 years, some humans can reach 100 years, and his bottles last 500 year +.

  • That every time someone would consume a drink, he would mortgage the generations to follow, for 500 + years?

  • That plastic in the oceans can act as a magnifying glass, and contribute to global warming by heating the sea water, and melting the iceberg.

  • That every time polyester clothes made out of recycled PET bottles would go in our washing machines, that Billions of fibers would be sent in our oceans?

Say NO to single use plastic bottles
If you say YES, than drink it, and build it

Change the world without changing the Earth. 

 

 

 

Narrow-necked container

A water bottle. Worldwide, 480 billions of plastic drinking bottles were sold in 2017 (and fewer than half were recycled).[1] A plastic bottle of antifreeze Large plastic bottles of water

A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high-density or low density plastic. Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, milk, and ink. The size ranges from very small bottles to large carboys. Consumer blow molded containers often have integral handles or are shaped to facilitate grasping.[2][3]

Plastic was invented in the 19th century and was originally used to replace common materials such as ivory, rubber, and shellac.[4] Plastic bottles were first used commercially in 1947, but remained relatively expensive until the early 1950s when high-density polyethylene was introduced.[5] They quickly became popular with both manufacturers and customers because compared to glass bottles, plastic bottles are lighter, cheaper and easier to transport.[6][7][8] However, the biggest advantage plastic bottles have over their glass counterparts is their superior resistance to breakage, in both production and transportation. Except for wine and beer, the food industry has largely replaced glass bottles with plastic bottles.

Production

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A polypropylene bottle cap Plastic bottle of milk: HDPE Recycling Code 2 PET bottle preform before blow molding, filling and labeling

The materials used in the manufacture of plastic bottles vary by application.

Petrochemical resins

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
HDPE is the most widely used resin for plastic bottles. This material is economical, impact resistant, and provides a good moisture barrier. HDPE is compatible with a wide range of products including acids and caustics but is not compatible with solvents. It is supplied in FDA-approved food grade. HDPE is naturally translucent and flexible. The addition of color will make HDPE opaque, but not glossy. HDPE lends itself to silk screen decoration. While HDPE provides good protection at below freezing temperatures, it cannot be used with products filled above 190 °F (88 °C) or products requiring a hermetic (vacuum) seal.
Fluorine-treated HDPE
These bottles are exposed to fluorine gas in a secondary operation, are similar in appearance to HDPE, and serve as a barrier to hydrocarbons and aromatic solvents. Fluorine-treated bottles may contain insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, photographic chemicals, agricultural chemicals, household and industrial cleaners, electronic chemicals, medical cleaners and solvents, citrus products, d-limonene, flavors, fragrances, essential oils, surfactants, polishes, additives, graffiti cleaning products, pre-emergents, stone and tile care products, waxes, paint thinner, gasoline, biodiesel, xylene, acetone, kerosene and more.
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
LDPE is similar in composition to HDPE. It is less rigid and generally less chemically resistant than HDPE, but is more translucent. LDPE is used primarily for squeeze applications. LDPE is significantly more expensive than HDPE.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE) / Polyester
This resin is commonly used for carbonated beverages, water bottles, and food packaging. PET provides very good alcohol and essential oil barrier properties, generally good chemical resistance (although acetones and ketones will attack PET), and a high degree of impact resistance and tensile strength. The orienting process serves to improve gas and moisture barrier properties and impact strength. This material is not resistant at high temperature. Its maximum temperature is 200 °F (93 °C).
Polycarbonate (PC)
PC is a clear plastic used to make bottles for milk and water. Five-gallon water bottles are a common application of PC.
Polypropylene (PP)
PP is used primarily for jars and closures. It is rigid and is a barrier to moisture. Polypropylene is stable at temperatures up to 220 °F (104 °C). It is autoclavable and offers the potential for steam sterilization. The compatibility of PP with high filling temperatures is responsible for its use with hot fill products. PP has excellent chemical resistance, but provides poor impact resistance in cold temperatures.
Polystyrene (PS)
PS is transparent and rigid. It is commonly used with dry products, including vitamins, petroleum jellies, and spices. Polystyrene does not provide good barrier properties, and exhibits poor impact resistance.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
PVC is naturally clear. It has high resistance to oils, and has transmits very little oxygen. It provides a strong barrier to most gases, and its drop-impact resistance is also very good. This material is chemically resistant, but it is vulnerable to some solvents. PVC has poor resistance to high temperatures and will distort at 160 °F (71 °C), making it incompatible with hot-filled products. It has attained notoriety in recent years due to potential health risks.
Post-consumer resin (PCR)
PCR is a blend of reclaimed natural HDPE (primarily from milk and water containers) and virgin resin. The recycled material is cleaned, ground and recompounded into uniform pellets along with prime virgin material especially designed to build up environmental stress crack resistance. PCR has no odor but exhibits a slight yellow tint in its natural state. This tint can be hidden by the addition of color. PCR is easily processed and inexpensive. However, it cannot come into direct contact with food or pharmaceutical products. PCR can be produced in a variety of recycled content percentages up to 100%.
K-Resin (SBC)
SBC is a highly transparent, high-gloss, impact-resistance resin. K-Resin, a styrene derivative, is processed on polyethylene equipment. It is specifically incompatible with fats and unsaturated oils or solvents. This material is frequently used for display and point-of-purchase packaging.

Other materials

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Bioplastic
A bioplastic is a polymer structure based on processed biological materials rather than petrochemicals. Bioplastics are commonly made from renewable sources like starch, vegetable oil, and less commonly, chicken feathers. The idea behind bioplastic is to create a plastic that has the ability to biodegrade.[9]
Bisphenol A (BPA):
BPA is a synthetic compound that serves as a raw material in the manufacturing of such plastics as polycarbonates and epoxy resins. It is commonly found in reusable drink containers, food storage containers, canned foods, children's toys and cash register receipts. BPA can seep into food or beverages from containers that are made with BPA.[10]

Concerns

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There is ongoing concern as to the use of plastics in consumer food packaging solutions, environmental impact of the disposal of these products, as well as concerns regarding consumer safety. Karin Michaels, Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School, suggests that toxins leaching from plastics might be related to disorders in humans such as endocrine disruption.[11] Aluminum and cyanide were found as trace elements in the examined samples but they are considered to be toxic elements according to the United States food and drug administration FDA. In the United States, plastic water bottles are regulated by the FDA which also inspects and samples bottled water plants periodically. Plastic water bottle plants hold a low priority for inspection due to a continuously good safety record.[12] In the past, the FDA maintained that there was a lack of human data showing plastics pose health problems. However, in January 2010, the FDA reversed its opinion saying they now have concerns about health risks.[11]

It is a common misconception that drinking from plastic water bottles increases cancer risk; there is no such risk.[13]

An article published on 6 November 2017 in Water Research reported on the content of microplastics in mineral waters packed in plastic or glass bottles, or beverage cartons.[14] In 2018, research conducted by Sherri Mason from the State University of New York in Fredonia revealed the presence of polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon and polyethylene terephthalate microparticles in plastic bottles. Polypropylene was hereby found to be the most common polymeric material (54%) and nylon the second most abundant (16%) polymeric material. The study also mentioned that polypropylene and polyethylene are polymers that are often used to make plastic bottle caps. Also, 4% of retrieved plastic particles were found to have signatures of industrial lubricants coating the polymer.[15] The research was reviewed by Andrew Mayes of the University of East Anglia (UEA) School of Chemistry[16] The European Food Safety Authority suggested most microplastics are excreted by the body, however the UN Food and Agriculture Organization warned that it is possible that the smallest particles (< 1.5 μm) could enter the bloodstream and organs, via the intestinal wall.[17][18]

Labelling

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Plastic bottles are marked at their base with the resin identification code to indicate the material used.[19][self-published source?]

Product labels are attached with adhesive or are shrunk to fit. In-mould labelling is a process of building the label into the bottle during molding.

Speciality types

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Collapsible bottle

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An accordion bottle or collapsible bottle is a plastic bottle designed to store darkroom chemicals or any other chemical that is highly susceptible to oxidation. They work by being able to squeeze down to remove excess air from the bottle to extend the life of the product.[20] An alternate benefit is minimizing storage, transportation, or disposal space when the bottle is empty or as the content is being dispersed, for example with water bottles used by hikers. Collapsing can also keep foods fresher.[21]

Carbonated drinks bottles

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Bottles, used for storing carbonated water and soft drinks, has an uneven bottom for stability reasons.[22] The technology was developed and patented by Lithuanian Domas Adomaitis in 1971.[22][23]

See also

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References

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Books

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  • Soroka, W. (2002). Fundamentals of Packaging Technology. IoPP. ISBN 1-930268-25-4
  • Yam, K. L. (2009). Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology. 978-0-470-0870

What is the history of pet bottles?

Plastic bottle